Federal IDR outcomes in Florida
In 2025 Q1–Q4, the provider or facility offer prevailed in 87.6% of 383,099 determined Federal IDR dispute line items for services provided in Florida. The median prevailing offer was 2.59x the QPA (25th–75th percentile 1.85x–4.16x; n = 331,870). The median time to a decision was 41 business days (n = 383,099).
Determined line items
383,099
2025 Q1–Q4 · 314 split decisions excluded
Provider win rate
87.6%
n = 383,099 · 2025 Q1–Q4
Median payment vs QPA
2.59x
middle half 1.85x–4.16x · n = 331,870 · 2025 Q1–Q4
Median days to decision
41
business days, from dispute initiation · n = 383,099 · 2025 Q1–Q4
Dollar amounts
Total awarded
$204.2M
sum of prevailing offers · n = 214,867 · 2025 Q1–Q4
Total QPA
$75.3M
sum of QPAs, same line items · n = 214,867 · 2025 Q1–Q4
Awarded above QPA
$128.9M
total awarded minus total QPA · n = 214,867 · 2025 Q1–Q4
Median award per line item
$544
mean $951 · n = 214,867 · 2025 Q1–Q4
Median QPA
$221
per line item · n = 214,867 · 2025 Q1–Q4
Award vs QPA, dollar-weighted
2.71x
total awarded ÷ total QPA · n = 214,867 · 2025 Q1–Q4
Dollar amounts come from the separate CMS “QPA and Offers” file: line items decided for the provider or the plan with a non-suppressed QPA and prevailing offer. That file cannot be joined to the line items above, so its n differs. Awarded = the prevailing (selected) offer; it is not a record of what was paid. State comes from the file’s geographic region; a metro area that spans states counts in each. How the dollar figures work
Dollar amounts by period
| Period | Line items with $ | Total awarded | Total QPA | Above QPA | Median award | Median QPA | Award ×QPA ($-weighted) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 Q1–Q4 | 214,867 | $204.2M | $75.3M | $128.9M | $544 | $221 | 2.71x |
| 2024 Q3–Q4 | 85,193 | $66.2M | $30.7M | $35.5M | $456 | $190 | 2.16x |
| 2024 Q3–2025 Q4 | 300,060 | $270.4M | $106.0M | $164.4M | $518 | $214 | 2.55x |
| 2023 Q1–2024 Q2 | Not available (see methodology). | ||||||
From the CMS QPA and Offers file (see above). Award ×QPA here is total awarded ÷ total QPA, so large claims weigh more than in the per-line median ratio.
By period
| Period | Line items | Win % | Median ×QPA | 25th–75th | Ratio n | Median days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 Q1–Q4 | 383,099 | 87.6% | 2.59x | 1.85x–4.16x | 331,870 | 41 |
| 2024 Q1–Q4 | 229,117 | 87.1% | 2.76x | 1.80x–4.61x | 196,313 | 106 |
| 2023 Q1–Q4 | 32,248 | 82.1% | 2.21x | 1.54x–3.46x | 25,852 | 79 |
| 2023 Q1–2025 Q4 | 644,464 | 87.2% | 2.60x | 1.82x–4.34x | 554,035 | not pooled |
Line items = determined dispute line items (n). Win rate excludes split decisions and includes default decisions. Ratio n = line items reporting a payment-to-QPA ratio. Days are business days as reported by CMS (2023–2024: from IDR entity assignment; 2025: from initiation) and are never pooled.
By specialty in Florida
| Specialty group | Line items | Win % | Median ×QPA | Ratio n | Median days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emergency medicine and emergency departments | 151,211 | 89.0% | 2.10x | 138,341 | 40 |
| Radiology | 92,274 | 98.4% | 3.26x | 91,340 | 42 |
| Anesthesiology | 80,734 | 82.6% | 2.27x | 54,078 | 43 |
| Intraoperative neuromonitoring | 23,653 | 91.2% | 16.94x | 20,677 | 34 |
| Hospitals and facilities | 11,964 | 63.4% | 1.00x | 9,481 | 45 |
| Not reported / unspecified | 9,469 | 24.6% | 1.06x | 5,018 | 123 |
| Hospital medicine (hospitalists) | 7,651 | 89.3% | 3.39x | 7,571 | 29 |
| Plastic and reconstructive surgery | 2,077 | 95.3% | 12.42x | 1,756 | 35 |
| General and other surgery | 1,306 | 85.2% | 11.34x | 1,202 | 29 |
| Laboratory and pathology | 665 | 91.3% | 1.00x | 539 | 55 |
| Orthopedic surgery | 428 | 82.7% | 65.51x † | 359 | 25 |
| Neurosurgery and spine surgery | 289 | 88.6% | 75.21x † | 262 | 30 |
| Neurology | 285 | 87.7% | 81.84x † | 279 | 53 |
| Internal and family medicine | 256 | 83.6% | 8.22x | 256 | 52 |
| Other / unclassified labels | 197 | 55.3% | 3.81x | 107 | 29 |
| Critical care | 176 | 94.3% | 4.28x | 153 | 24 |
| Cardiology | 157 | 78.3% | 2.82x | 156 | 30 |
| Cardiothoracic and thoracic surgery | 135 | 94.1% | 85.20x † | 135 | 36 |
| Obstetrics and gynecology | 87 | 86.2% | 39.67x † | 77 | 22 |
| Surgical assistant services | 75 | 80.0% | 1.00x | 73 | 28 |
2025 Q1–Q4 · rows with n ≥ 30 determined line items · sorted by n.
Most disputed CPT codes in Florida
| CPT code | Line items | Win % | Median ×QPA | Ratio n | Median days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 99284 Emergency department visit with moderate level of medical decision making | 75,065 | 87.4% | 1.93x | 69,037 | 41 |
| 99285 Emergency department visit with high level of medical decision making | 55,911 | 84.8% | 2.18x | 51,660 | 44 |
| 71045 X-ray of chest, 1 view | 12,372 | 97.6% | 3.65x | 12,306 | 42 |
| 00812 Anesthesia for exam of colon using an endoscope | 10,925 | 74.6% | 2.43x | 7,864 | 55 |
| 99283 Emergency department visit with low level of medical decision making | 9,692 | 90.0% | 2.10x | 8,497 | 46 |
| 99291 Critical care, first 30-74 minutes | 8,726 | 91.5% | 3.39x | 8,093 | 36 |
| 77067 Screening mammography | 8,241 | 97.9% | 3.76x | 8,238 | 40 |
| 74177 CT scan of abdomen and pelvis with contrast | 7,816 | 95.7% | 3.77x | 7,633 | 40 |
| 77063 Screening 3D breast mammography | 7,463 | 97.7% | 3.85x | 7,461 | 41 |
| 95938 Placement of skin electrodes and measurement of stimulated sites on arms and leg | 7,244 | 91.4% | 27.74x † | 6,632 | 36 |
| 00731 Anesthesia for other procedure on esophagus, stomach, or upper small bowel using | 5,680 | 79.2% | 2.31x | 3,793 | 48 |
| 95941 Continuous remote monitoring of nervous system during operation, each hour | 5,172 | 93.4% | 9.58x | 4,662 | 32 |
| 00813 Anesthesia for procedure on small and large bowel using an endoscope | 5,008 | 75.8% | 2.30x | 3,682 | 52 |
| 00840 Anesthesia for other procedure on lower abdomen | 4,785 | 84.2% | 2.22x | 2,853 | 48 |
| 70450 CT scan head or brain without contrast | 4,774 | 97.1% | 2.93x | 4,660 | 42 |
| 95939 Placement of skin electrodes and measurement of central motor stimulation in arm | 4,752 | 90.6% | 14.15x | 4,284 | 30 |
| 99232 Subsequent hospital care with moderate levelof medical decision making, if using | 3,951 | 87.5% | 4.00x | 3,832 | 30 |
| 74176 CT scan of abdomen and pelvis without contrast | 3,606 | 95.2% | 3.25x | 3,529 | 40 |
| 01967 Anesthesia for labor during planned vaginal delivery | 3,520 | 84.2% | 2.21x | 1,701 | 44 |
| 93010 Routine electrocardiogram (ECG) using at least 12 leads with interpretation and | 3,432 | 92.3% | 5.33x | 2,707 | 28 |
| 71046 X-ray of chest, 2 views | 3,271 | 98.0% | 3.68x | 3,263 | 41 |
| 00790 Anesthesia for other procedure on upper abdomen | 3,211 | 82.9% | 2.23x | 1,989 | 43 |
| 00811 Anesthesia for other procedure on large bowel using an endoscope | 2,866 | 81.3% | 2.39x | 2,048 | 50 |
| 71275 CT scan of blood vessels of chest with contrast | 2,580 | 97.2% | 2.74x | 2,515 | 42 |
| 01961 Anesthesia for cesarean delivery | 2,402 | 88.6% | 2.20x | 1,434 | 44 |
2025 Q1–Q4 · rows with n ≥ 30 determined line items · sorted by n.
Payers with the most determined line items in Florida
Payer = health plan/issuer email domain reported by CMS, with the most common plan name for that domain. Some domains belong to vendors acting for plans.
| Payer (email domain) | Line items | Win % | Median ×QPA | Ratio n | Median days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AETNA (aetna.com) | 101,318 | 95.4% | 3.25x | 98,323 | 44 |
| UNITED HEALTHCARE (uhc.com) | 100,290 | 85.5% | 2.09x | 68,815 | 46 |
| FLORIDA BLUE (bcbsfl.com) | 69,065 | 96.6% | 3.05x | 66,981 | 29 |
| CIGNA (cigna.com) | 40,026 | 76.1% | 2.13x | 38,689 | 40 |
| UMR (clearhs.com) | 16,389 | 87.4% | 2.11x | 10,066 | 35 |
| AMBETTER (centene.com) | 11,458 | 67.9% | 2.74x | 10,753 | 56 |
| UMR (clearhealthcloud.com) | 9,491 | 83.6% | 2.04x | 9,073 | 40 |
| CIGNA (multiplan.com) | 8,706 | 74.5% | 2.29x | 7,856 | 63 |
| CIGNA (zelis.com) | 4,745 | 91.3% | 2.17x | 4,627 | 55 |
| RES-CARE, INC. DBA BRIGHTSPRING HEALTH SERVICES (springtidehealth.com) | 4,731 | 31.9% | 1.00x | 3,149 | 85 |
2025 Q1–Q4 · rows with n ≥ 30 determined line items · sorted by n.
Dollar amounts by CPT code in Florida
| CPT code | Line items with $ | Total awarded | Median award | Median QPA | Award ×QPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 99284 Emergency department visit with moderate level of medical decision making | 46,077 | $33.6M | $671 | $359 | 2.04x |
| 99285 Emergency department visit with high level of medical decision making | 27,918 | $28.0M | $827 | $388 | 1.93x |
| 71045 X-ray of chest, 1 view | 8,968 | $439,797 | $43 | $12 | 2.91x |
| 99283 Emergency department visit with low level of medical decision making | 6,765 | $4.3M | $451 | $214 | 2.41x |
| 77067 Screening mammography | 6,366 | $1.1M | $180 | $48 | 3.35x |
| 00812 Anesthesia for exam of colon using an endoscope | 6,180 | $4.9M | $683 | $236 | 2.83x |
| 99291 Critical care, first 30-74 minutes | 6,098 | $7.3M | $1,077 | $268 | 3.26x |
| 74177 CT scan of abdomen and pelvis with contrast | 5,975 | $3.3M | $429 | $114 | 1.72x |
| 77063 Screening 3D breast mammography | 5,957 | $822,195 | $141 | $37 | 3.50x |
| 95938 Placement of skin electrodes and measurement of stimulated sites on arms and leg | 4,015 | $8.6M | $1,817 | $52 | 24.01x |
| 99232 Subsequent hospital care with moderate levelof medical decision making, if using | 3,585 | $1.0M | $278 | $71 | 3.72x |
| 95941 Continuous remote monitoring of nervous system during operation, each hour | 3,367 | $16.3M | $3,550 | $372 | 6.92x |
| 70450 CT scan head or brain without contrast | 3,360 | $912,193 | $200 | $68 | 2.48x |
| 95939 Placement of skin electrodes and measurement of central motor stimulation in arm | 3,209 | $8.3M | $2,229 | $132 | 14.78x |
| 00731 Anesthesia for other procedure on esophagus, stomach, or upper small bowel using | 2,977 | $2.6M | $877 | $281 | 2.60x |
| 00813 Anesthesia for procedure on small and large bowel using an endoscope | 2,843 | $2.8M | $787 | $312 | 2.59x |
| 74176 CT scan of abdomen and pelvis without contrast | 2,583 | $1.2M | $408 | $125 | 3.22x |
| 71046 X-ray of chest, 2 views | 2,422 | $140,166 | $52 | $14 | 3.00x |
| 00840 Anesthesia for other procedure on lower abdomen | 2,420 | $4.0M | $1,511 | $624 | 2.28x |
| 93010 Routine electrocardiogram (ECG) using at least 12 leads with interpretation and | 1,900 | $163,979 | $57 | $11 | 0.19x |
| 99233 Subsequent hospital care with moderate levelof medical decision making, if using | 1,776 | $816,234 | $398 | $118 | 3.73x |
| 71275 CT scan of blood vessels of chest with contrast | 1,761 | $826,498 | $428 | $156 | 2.54x |
| 00811 Anesthesia for other procedure on large bowel using an endoscope | 1,581 | $1.4M | $827 | $273 | 2.74x |
| 00790 Anesthesia for other procedure on upper abdomen | 1,559 | $3.0M | $1,641 | $635 | 1.95x |
| 01967 Anesthesia for labor during planned vaginal delivery | 1,358 | $5.3M | $3,244 | $1,438 | 2.39x |
2025 Q1–Q4 · CMS QPA and Offers file · rows with n ≥ 30 line items with dollar amounts · sorted by n · Award ×QPA = total awarded ÷ total QPA.
FAQ
What is the Federal IDR provider win rate for services provided in Florida?
In 2025 Q1–Q4, the provider or facility offer was selected in 87.6% of 383,099 determined dispute line items for services provided in Florida. Split decisions are excluded from the denominator and default decisions are included. Withdrawn, settled and ineligible disputes are not in the CMS data.
How do Federal IDR payments compare with the QPA for services provided in Florida?
In 2025 Q1–Q4, the median prevailing offer was 2.59x the qualifying payment amount (QPA), with a 25th to 75th percentile range of 1.85x to 4.16x (n = 331,870 line items). This uses the CMS field Prevailing Party Offer as % of QPA, where 1.00x equals the QPA.
How long do Federal IDR decisions take for services provided in Florida?
In 2025 Q1–Q4, the median was 41 business days (n = 383,099 line items), using the CMS field Length of Time to Make Determination (from dispute initiation).
Florida figures count line items whose place of service was Florida. See methodology for caveats.